Posts: 13,633 Threads: 7,773 Thanks Received: 0 in 0 posts Thanks Given: 0 Joined: Jun 2014 Reputation: 0 07-01-2017, 04:42 PM (This post was last modified: 07-01-2017, 07:39 PM by EDDIEKIRK.) Know Your Medicine: THC <a data-ipb="nomediaparse" href="https://www.marijuana.com/news/2017/07/know-your-medicine-thc/#respond">0</a> By <span><a data-ipb="nomediaparse" href="https://www.marijuana.com/news/author/bgoldstein/" title="Posts by Bonni Goldstein, M.D.">Bonni Goldstein, M.D.</a> </span> on <span> </span> <span>July 1st, 2017 </span> <i>The claim that THC is recreational only and has no medicinal value is bogus. It is time to move on from the Reefer Madness propaganda. </i> Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the most prominent cannabinoid in the cannabis plant and is responsible for the psychoactive high effects. The THC molecule was not isolated until 1964 but our ancestors utilized THC-rich cannabis for its many medicinal effects. The claim that THC is recreational only and has no medicinal value is bogus. It is time to move on from the Reefer Madness propaganda. Many medical cannabis patients report significant and life-changing relief of medical conditions with THC-rich cannabis. All humans have an endocannabinoid system which relies on the synthesis of endocannabinoid compounds, often referred to as our inner cannabis, which bind to receptors on our cells in a key and lock fashion. The role of this system is to maintain balance homeostasis of the cells in our brains and bodies. Mood, appetite, sleep, immune function and other important physiologic functions are under control of the endocannabinoid system. This system cannot function well if one cannot make enough endocannabinoids, resulting in an endocannabinoid deficiency. The causes of endocannabinoid deficiency are many: genetically inherited or a result of illness, chronic stress, sleep deprivation, and other causes. The deficiency causes cells to remain in an imbalanced state. Mother Nature gives us the cannabis plant that is full of phytocannabinoids which can replace the deficiency naturally, with THC mimicking the effects of the endocannabinoids, resulting in balance..... <a data-ipb="nomediaparse" href="https://www.marijuana.com/news/2017/07/know-your-medicine-thc/">https://www.marijuana.com/news/2017/07/know-your-medicine-thc/</a> Posts: 13,633 Threads: 7,773 Thanks Received: 0 in 0 posts Thanks Given: 0 Joined: Jun 2014 Reputation: 0 Know Your Medicine: THCA <a class="" href="https://www.marijuana.com/news/2017/07/know-your-medicine-thca/#respond">0</a> By <span><a data-ipb="nomediaparse" href="https://www.marijuana.com/news/author/bgoldstein/" title="Posts by Bonni Goldstein, M.D.">Bonni Goldstein, M.D.</a> </span> on <span> </span> <span>July 7th, 2017</span> Recently, many patients have been asking me if they should be using THCA (tetrahydrocannabinolic acid), and if you have been paying attention, you may have seen products labeled THCA in your local collective. So what is THCA, what does it do, and who should use it? What is THCA? THCA is synthesized in the trichomes of the cannabis flower when its precursor, CBGA (cannabigerolic acid), is exposed to an enzyme called THCA synthase. THCA is considered to be thermally unstable, meaning that it readily converts to THC (D9-tetrahydrocannabinol) when heated. This conversion of THCA to THC is called decarboxylation. THCA will also convert to THC when stored at room temperature. Research shows that 22% of THCA in an olive oil extract will convert to THC after 10 days at 77, and in an ethanol extraction under the same conditions, 67% of the THCA will convert to THC. After 25 months at room temperature in glass bottles with very little light exposure, approximately 20% of the THCA converted to THC. At temperatures over 176, 70-95% of THCA rapidly decarboxylates. The human body cannot convert THCA to THC. What does THCA do? THCA is less studied than THC or CBD because raw cannabis typically has not been used by most recreational users or medical patients. THCA is not psychoactive in animals even at high doses, and psychoactivity in humans is not reported. Research shows that THCA has many medicinal properties...... <a data-ipb="nomediaparse" href="https://www.marijuana.com/news/2017/07/know-your-medicine-thca/">https://www.marijuana.com/news/2017/07/know-your-medicine-thca/</a> Posts: 13,633 Threads: 7,773 Thanks Received: 0 in 0 posts Thanks Given: 0 Joined: Jun 2014 Reputation: 0 Know Your Medicine: CBD <a class="" href="https://www.marijuana.com/news/2017/07/know-your-medicine-cbd/#respond">0</a> By <span><a data-ipb="nomediaparse" href="https://www.marijuana.com/news/author/bgoldstein/" title="Posts by Bonni Goldstein, M.D.">Bonni Goldstein, M.D.</a> </span> on <span> </span> <span>July 14th, 2017</span> CBD, which stands for the phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (not cannabinoids), has exploded on the cannabis scene in a way that no other natural compound has. Although it has received a huge amount of media attention over the past few years, there are so many questions about it. Here is everything you need to know about CBD and more. Cannabidiol was first discovered in 1940 from the hemp plant by chemist Roger Adams at the University of Illinois. In 1963, Israeli scientists elucidated its exact chemical structure. Subsequent research in the 1970s showed that CBD did not cause intoxication like THC and was thought to be an inactive cannabinoid. Scientific interest in CBD waned until the early 1990s when the important discovery of the endocannabinoid system renewed interest in numerous phytocannabinoids. Over the past decade, hundreds of scientific articles researching how CBD interacts with the human brain and body have been published and the results are astounding!.......... <a data-ipb="nomediaparse" href="https://www.marijuana.com/news/2017/07/know-your-medicine-cbd/">https://www.marijuana.com/news/2017/07/know-your-medicine-cbd/</a> Posts: 13,633 Threads: 7,773 Thanks Received: 0 in 0 posts Thanks Given: 0 Joined: Jun 2014 Reputation: 0 Know Your Medicine: CBDA <a class="" href="https://www.marijuana.com/news/2017/07/know-your-medicine-cbda/#respond">0</a> By <span><a data-ipb="nomediaparse" href="https://www.marijuana.com/news/author/bgoldstein/" title="Posts by Bonni Goldstein, M.D.">Bonni Goldstein, M.D.</a> </span> on <span> </span> <span>July 20th, 2017</span> Cannabidiolic acid or CBDA is one of the non-intoxicating phytocannabinoids found in the raw unheated cannabis plant. CBGA, cannabigerolic acid, is the parent compound to both THCA and CBDA. As the cannabis flower matures, CBGA is converted to CBDA by the enzyme CBDA synthase, first discovered in 1996 by researchers in Japan. CBGA is also the parent compound to THCA, via the enzyme THCA synthase. Unfortunately, there is very little research on CBDA despite recent studies showing potent anti-inflammatory effects and anticancer potential. CBDA is a potent anti-inflammatory, working by selectively inhibiting an enzyme in our bodies called COX-2. This enzyme is triggered when you experience injury or infection, and it produces compounds called prostaglandins. Prostaglandins promote inflammation, and although this is a natural response, it can be the source of significant pain and at times, cell destruction. CBDA reduces the production of prostaglandin by blocking the COX-2 enzyme. Less prostaglandin equals less inflammation. There is also a COX-1 enzyme, which when triggered, activates blood clotting and protection of the lining of the gut. Scientists have long sought compounds that block COX-2 without blocking COX-1 and CBDA does just that. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) work by blocking both COX enzymes this is why they can cause side effects of bleeding, gut irritation, and ulcers. One particular NSAID, called celecoxib, is also a selective COX-2 inhibitor but has a long list of possible side effects including headaches, abdominal pain, indigestion, nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, insomnia, and more. There are no reports of these side effects with CBDA use. THCA, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, the precursor to THC, also inhibits COX-2 but is much less potent than CBDA.... <a data-ipb="nomediaparse" href="https://www.marijuana.com/news/2017/07/know-your-medicine-cbda/">https://www.marijuana.com/news/2017/07/know-your-medicine-cbda/</a> Posts: 13,633 Threads: 7,773 Thanks Received: 0 in 0 posts Thanks Given: 0 Joined: Jun 2014 Reputation: 0 08-07-2017, 10:12 AM (This post was last modified: 08-07-2017, 10:13 AM by Purple Power.) Know Your Medicine: CBN <a data-ipb="nomediaparse" href="https://www.marijuana.com/news/2017/08/know-your-medicine-cbn/#respond">0</a> By <span><a data-ipb="nomediaparse" href="https://www.marijuana.com/news/author/bgoldstein/" title="Posts by Bonni Goldstein, M.D.">Bonni Goldstein, M.D.</a> </span> on <span> </span> <span>August 7th, 2017</span> There are over 100 phytocannabinoids in the cannabis plant with the two major cannabinoids THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol) as the most prominent and researched. Dr. Raphael Mechoulam, the renowned researcher who discovered the chemical structure of THC in 1964, was the first to hypothesize that phytocannabinoids work via the entourage effect. This means that the compounds in the plant work together synergistically to enhance the therapeutic benefits and minimize unwanted side effects. Although many understand the medicinal properties of the two major cannabinoids, lets take a look at cannabinol (CBN), another anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant and antibacterial medicinal cannabinoid. Cannabinol was the first phytocannabinoid ever isolated (1896 by Wood <i>et. al</i>.) with its chemical structure partially elucidated by R.S. Cahn in 1932 and fully determined by two research groups in 1940 (Todd <i>et al.</i>, and Adams <i>et. al.</i>). CBN was thought to be responsible for the intoxicating effects of cannabis until 1964 when Israeli researchers Drs. Gaoni and Mechoulam isolated THC and found it to be the responsible for the well-known psychoactive effects of the plant. Further research found CBN to be a breakdown product of THC oxidation, which happens as the harvested flower ages. Only traces of CBN are found in fresh flowers, with higher levels indicating aged flower...... <a data-ipb="nomediaparse" href="https://www.marijuana.com/news/2017/08/know-your-medicine-cbn/">https://www.marijuana.com/news/2017/08/know-your-medicine-cbn/</a> Posts: 13,633 Threads: 7,773 Thanks Received: 0 in 0 posts Thanks Given: 0 Joined: Jun 2014 Reputation: 0 Know Your Medicine: Tolerance and Reverse Tolerance <a class="" href="https://www.marijuana.com/news/2017/08/know-your-medicine-tolerance-and-reverse-tolerance/#respond">0</a> By <span><a data-ipb="nomediaparse" href="https://www.marijuana.com/news/author/bgoldstein/" title="Posts by Bonni Goldstein, M.D.">Bonni Goldstein, M.D.</a> </span> on <span> </span> <span>August 11th, 2017</span> The concept of cannabis tolerance is quite interesting. Now that patients are using <a data-ipb="nomediaparse" href="https://www.marijuana.com/news/2017/02/cannabis-products-for-pediatric-patients/">preparations</a> that contain different prominent cannabinoids, including delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (<a data-ipb="nomediaparse" href="https://www.marijuana.com/news/2017/07/know-your-medicine-thc/">THC</a>), cannabidiol (<a data-ipb="nomediaparse" href="https://www.marijuana.com/news/2017/07/know-your-medicine-cbd/">CBD</a>), tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (<a data-ipb="nomediaparse" href="https://www.marijuana.com/news/2017/07/know-your-medicine-thca/">THCA</a>), cannabidiolic acid (<a data-ipb="nomediaparse" href="https://www.marijuana.com/news/2017/07/know-your-medicine-cbda/">CBDA</a>), and cannabinol (<a data-ipb="nomediaparse" href="https://www.marijuana.com/news/2017/08/know-your-medicine-cbn/">CBN</a>), the question of tolerance no longer relates to THC only. <b>Tolerance </b>is defined as the need to use more of a drug to get the desired effect. Stated another way, less of an effect is achieved with a previously effective amount. It is clear that tolerance to THC develops following repeated exposure. How much exposure is needed to develop tolerance appears to be different for each person. Animal research in the 1990s suggested that tolerance developed due to a reduction,....... <a data-ipb="nomediaparse" href="https://www.marijuana.com/news/2017/08/know-your-medicine-tolerance-and-reverse-tolerance/">https://www.marijuana.com/news/2017/08/know-your-medicine-tolerance-and-reverse-tolerance/</a> Posts: 13,633 Threads: 7,773 Thanks Received: 0 in 0 posts Thanks Given: 0 Joined: Jun 2014 Reputation: 0 08-24-2017, 08:33 AM (This post was last modified: 08-24-2017, 08:33 AM by Purple Power.) Know Your Medicine: CBG and CBGA <a data-ipb="nomediaparse" href="http://www.marijuana.com/news/2017/08/know-your-medicine-cbg-and-cbga/#respond">0</a> By <span><a data-ipb="nomediaparse" href="http://www.marijuana.com/news/author/bgoldstein/" title="Posts by Bonni Goldstein, M.D.">Bonni Goldstein, M.D.</a> </span> on <span> </span> <span>August 24th, 2017</span> Experts report that there are at least 106 phytocannabinoids found in the trichomes of the cannabis flower. Most research has focused on the two most prominent primary cannabinoids, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). However, many of the so-called secondary cannabinoids are responsible for adding to the therapeutic effects of cannabis as part of the entourage effect, the term used to describe how the many cannabinoid and terpenoid compounds in cannabis work synergistically to deliver beneficial effects. Cannabigerol (CBG) and cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) are two of the many secondary phytocannabinoids found in the flower of the cannabis plant. The A in CBGA refers to the presence of a certain chemical structure called carboxylic acid. CBG was initially isolated from hash by Israeli researchers in 1964, with subsequent research in Japan elucidating that CBGA was its precursor. CBG is one of the five most common cannabinoids along with THC, CBD, CBN (cannabinol) and CBC (cannabichromene). CBGA plays an extremely important role as the parent compound in the maturing cannabis flower and undergoes a number of changes to create THC, CBD, CBC, and CBG. This process, called biosynthesis, starts when compounds in the maturing flower,..... <a data-ipb="nomediaparse" href="http://www.marijuana.com/news/2017/08/know-your-medicine-cbg-and-cbga/">http://www.marijuana.com/news/2017/08/know-your-medicine-cbg-and-cbga/</a> Posts: 13,633 Threads: 7,773 Thanks Received: 0 in 0 posts Thanks Given: 0 Joined: Jun 2014 Reputation: 0 <header class="post-header cf"> Know Your Medicine: THCV <a class="comments" href="https://www.marijuana.com/news/2018/01/know-your-medicine-thcv/#respond">0</a> </header> By <span class="reviewer" itemprop="author"> Bonni Goldstein, M.D. </span> on <span class="dtreviewed"> <time class="value-datetime" datetime="2018-01-19T10:56:55+00:00" itemprop="datePublished"> January 19th, 2018</time></span> As access to cannabis widens and research into the medicinal effects of its compounds expands, were learning theres much more to the cannabis plant than THC and CBD. One of the most interesting cannabinoids in cannabis is tetrahydrocannabivarin or THCV. Preliminary studies show promising therapeutic effects for different ailments including diabetes and Parkinsons disease. THCV results from a different chemical pathway than THC. Geranyl pyrophosphate joins with divarinolic acid to make cannabigerovarin acid (CBGVA), which changes to tetrahydrocannabivarin carboxylic acid (THCVA) when exposed to the enzyme THCV. When THCVA is heated, it decarboxylates to THCV..... https://www.marijuana.com/news/2018/01/k...cine-thcv/ Posts: 13,633 Threads: 7,773 Thanks Received: 0 in 0 posts Thanks Given: 0 Joined: Jun 2014 Reputation: 0 <header class="post-header cf"> Know Your Medicine: Terpenoids <a class="comments" href="https://www.marijuana.com/news/2018/01/know-your-medicine-terpenoids/#respond">0</a> </header> By <span class="reviewer" itemprop="author"> Bonni Goldstein, M.D. </span> on <span class="dtreviewed"> <time class="value-datetime" datetime="2018-01-25T13:05:25+00:00" itemprop="datePublished"> January 25th, 2018</time></span> Terpenoids are the most abundant group of plant essential oils that exist in all plants, trees, and flowers. Over 15,000 different terpenoids have been found, with 200 described in cannabis. Terpenoids are responsible for the odor, color, and flavor of the cannabis flower. Terpenioids are synthesized within the glandular trichomes and are most highly concentrated in unfertilized female flowers prior to senescence. They are reported to make up almost 10 percent of the content of the trichomes and also occur in lower fan leaves. Plants make terpenoids as part of their defense mechanisms, working as insect repellents, as well as bitter-tasting repellents for grazing animals...... https://www.marijuana.com/news/2018/01/k...erpenoids/ |
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